The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an organisation devoted to the development of standards for structuring and rendering web pages based on industry needs. The DOM is used in and described by several W3C recommendations including XML\cite{xml2008-1.0}, HTML\cite{html2014-draft} and SVG\cite{svg2011-1.1}. XML is a general language which is intended for representing any tree-like structure using the DOM, whilst HTML and SVG are specifically intended for representing text documents and more general graphics respectively. These languages make use of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)\cite{css2011-level2} for specifying the appearance of elements.
-%Version 5 of the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML5) is currently a candidate recommendation which aims to standardise the state of the art in technologies relating to web based documents. In HTML5 it is possible to achieve almost any level of control over both the structure and rendering of a document desirable. In particular, the language Javascript (based upon ECMAScript \cite{ecma-262}) can be used to dynamically alter a HTML5 document in response to user input or other events, including communication with HTTP servers.
+Version 5 of the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML5) is currently a candidate recommendation which aims to standardise the state of the art in technologies relating to web based documents. In HTML5 it is possible to achieve almost any level of control over both the structure and rendering of a document desirable. In particular, the language Javascript (based upon ECMAScript \cite{ecma-262}) can be used to dynamically alter a HTML5 document in response to user input or other events, including communication with HTTP servers.
The Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) recommendation defines a language for representing vector images using the DOM. This is intended not only for stand alone images, but also for inclusion within HTML documents. In the SVG standard, each graphics primitive is an element in the DOM, whilst attributes of the element give information about how the primitive is to be drawn, such as path coordinates, line thickness, mitre styles and fill colours.
In the SVG representation, general shapes can be specified by locations of enclosed curves using B\'{e}zier splines (Section \ref{}) - the construction of these curves is very similar to PostScript (refer to Figure \ref{}). Again, text is created using vector fonts as described in Section \ref{}.
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%Figure \ref{SVG} shows an example of an SVG image as rendered (left) and represented as text. The textual representation is syntactically a subset of XML and is similar to HTML.\footnote{The details of distinctions between these languages are beyond the scope of this report.} Here we have used \verb/<rect>/ elements to position rectangles and \verb/<path>/ elements to define a straight line and a filled region bounded by a cubic bezier spline; note that the points and type of curves are defined as a data attribute.
+Figure \ref{SVG} shows an example of an SVG image as rendered (left) and represented as text. The textual representation is syntactically a subset of XML and is similar to HTML.\footnote{The details of distinctions between these languages are beyond the scope of this report.} Here we have used \verb/<rect>/ elements to position rectangles and \verb/<path>/ elements to define a straight line and a filled region bounded by a cubic bezier spline; note that the points and type of curves are defined as a data attribute.
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\subsubsection{Javascript and the DOM}
Using Javascript, an element in the DOM can be selected by its type, class, name, or unique identifier, each of which may be specified as an attribute in the original DOM. Once an element is selected Javascript can be used to modify its attributes, add children below it in the DOM, or remove it from the DOM entirely.
\end{figure}
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