Cubic beziers form all curves in the PostScript\cite{plrm}, PDF\cite{pdfref17} and SVG\cite{svg2011-1.1} standards which we will discuss in Section \ref{Document Representations}. One of the shapes in Figure \ref{SVG} is a region defined by a cubic bezier spline. Beziers are also used to construct vector fonts for rendering text in these standards.

A Bezier Curve of degree $n$ is defined by $n$ ``control points'' $\left\{P_0, ... P_n\right\}$. 
Points $P(t)$ along the curve are defined by:
\begin{align}
	P(t) &= \displaystyle\sum_{j=0}^{n} B_j^n(t) P_j
\end{align}

From this definition it should be apparent $P(t)$ for a Bezier Curve of degree $0$ maps to a single point, whilst $P(t)$ for a Bezier of degree $1$ is a straight line between $P_0$ and $P_1$. $P(t)$ always begins at $P_0$ for $t = 0$ and ends at $P_n$ when $t = 1$.

Figure \ref{bezier_3} shows a Bezier Curve defined by the points $\left\{(0,0), (1,0), (1,1)\right\}$.

A straightforward algorithm for rendering Bezier's is to simply sample $P(t)$ for some number of values of $t$ and connect the resulting points with straight lines using Bresenham or Wu's algorithm (See Section \ref{Straight Lines}). Whilst the performance of this algorithm is linear, in ???? De Casteljau derived a more efficient means of sub dividing beziers into line segments.

Recently, Goldman presented an argument that Bezier's could be considered as fractal in nature, a fractal being the fixed point of an iterated function system\cite{goldman_thefractal}. Goldman's proof depends upon a modification to the De Casteljau Subdivision algorithm which expresses the subdivisions as an iterated function system.



