X-Git-Url: https://git.ucc.asn.au/?p=ipdf%2Fdocuments.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=references%2Fbeebe2011round32.html;fp=references%2Fbeebe2011round32.html;h=6ce6440fe943152b994c9dd8154e629e61d691d4;hp=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000;hb=93cb10d1d571c39a1f7b39b88d1fba745f2e31a9;hpb=1922bdb6855643434e83d78ebf65f3225777a814 diff --git a/references/beebe2011round32.html b/references/beebe2011round32.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ce6440 --- /dev/null +++ b/references/beebe2011round32.html @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ + + + + + + + + +
+ +Peter Lawrence asks about the infamous problem of double rounding on +systems with long internal registers (Honeywell mainframes of 1970s, +Motorola 68K, and current Intel x86 and x86_64 families). + +Double rounding is indeed a nuisance, and there is a surprising recent +discovery that it could have been prevented if there were an unusual +rounding mode, round-to-odd (RO(x)). The authors of the paper below +show how to implement that rounding in software, and discuss how it +can be used to fix the double-rounding problem. + +It is too late now to repair the mistakes of the past that are present +in millions of installed systems, but it is good to know that careful +research before designing hardware can be helpful. + +@String{j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT = "IEEE Transactions on Computers"} + +@Article{Boldo:2008:EFC, + author = "Sylvie Boldo and Guillaume Melquiond", + title = "Emulation of a {FMA} and Correctly Rounded Sums: + Proved Algorithms Using Rounding to Odd", + journal = j-IEEE-TRANS-COMPUT, + volume = "54", + number = "4", + pages = "462--471", + month = apr, + year = "2008", + CODEN = "ITCOB4", + DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.2007.70819";, + ISSN = "0018-9340", + bibdate = "Sat Feb 19 18:44:18 2011", + abstract = "Rounding to odd is a nonstandard rounding on + floating-point numbers. By using it for some + intermediate values instead of rounding to nearest, + correctly rounded results can be obtained at the end of + computations. We present an algorithm for emulating the + fused multiply-and-add operator. We also present an + iterative algorithm for computing the correctly rounded + sum of a set of floating-point numbers under mild + assumptions. A variation on both previous algorithms is + the correctly rounded sum of any three floating-point + numbers. This leads to efficient implementations, even + when this rounding is not available. In order to + guarantee the correctness of these properties and + algorithms, we formally proved them by using the Coq + proof checker.", + acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, + fjournal = "IEEE Transactions on Computers", + keyword = "round-to-odd (RO(x))", +} + +See also discussions of the double-rounding problem in this recent +useful book: + +@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON = "Birkh{\"a}user Boston Inc."} +@String{pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON:adr = "Cambridge, MA, USA"} + +@Book{Muller:2010:HFP, + author = "Jean-Michel Muller and Nicolas Brisebarre and Florent + de Dinechin and Claude-Pierre Jeannerod and Vincent + Lef{\`e}vre and Guillaume Melquiond and Nathalie Revol + and Damien Stehl{\'e} and Serge Torres", + title = "Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic", + publisher = pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON, + address = pub-BIRKHAUSER-BOSTON:adr, + pages = "xxiii + 572", + year = "2010", + DOI = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4704-9";, + ISBN = "0-8176-4704-X", + ISBN-13 = "978-0-8176-4704-9", + LCCN = "QA76.9.C62 H36 2010", + bibdate = "Thu Jan 27 16:18:58 2011", + price = "US\$90 (est.)", + acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, +} + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +- Nelson H. F. Beebe Tel: +1 801 581 5254 - +- University of Utah FAX: +1 801 581 4148 - +- Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB Internet e-mail: beebe@xxxxxxxxxxxxx - +- 155 S 1400 E RM 233 beebe@xxxxxxx beebe@xxxxxxxxxxxx - +- Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ - +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + ++ + + +