\end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\item Tamm and Shockley states arise from two extreme models (large change and small change respectively between bulk and surface). In reality, a combination of Tamm and Shockley states appear.
+ \item These states arise from termination of the lattice; but the surface cells are assumed undistorted
+ \item In reality surface cells are distorted by relaxation and reconstruction of the surface
\end{itemize}
-
- \item Properties of surface region
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Difference between potential of surface and bulk
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Change between the two limits in the ``near-surface'' region
- \end{itemize}
- \item Theoretical models for the potential, 1D vs 3D
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Simplest case is a step potential.
- \item Various improvements on this model, discussed in Komolov's book.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Possibly adapt CQM project to model these potentials, if I get time
- \end{itemize}
- \end{itemize}
- \item Limitations of theoretical models
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Real surface is not a step potential
- \item Adsorption of foreign particles onto the surface also plays a large role in determining the electron spectrum.
- \end{itemize}
- \end{itemize}
\item Main reference: Komolov "Total Current Spectroscopy"
\item "Solid State Physics" textbooks and "Electron Spectroscopy" textbooks
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Total Current Spectroscopy}
\begin{itemize}
- \item Overview of technique
-
- Total Current Spectroscopy (TCS)
-
+ \item
+ \item Total Current Spectroscopy methods measure the total current of secondary electrons as a function of primary electron energy.
+ \item These methods are distinguished from ``differential'' methods (such as Auger electron spectroscopy and energy loss spectroscopy) which measure the secondary electron spectrum at a fixed primary electron energy.
+ \item
\begin{itemize}
\item Low energy beam of electrons incident on sample
\item Measure slope of resulting I-V curve