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-%\title{\bf Characterisation of nanostructured thin films}
-%\author{Sam Moore\\ School of Physics, University of Western Australia}
-%\date{April 2012}
-%\maketitle
-
-\begin{center}
- B.Sc. (Hons) Physics Project \par
- {\bf \Large Thesis} \par
- Samuel Moore \\
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia \\
- April 2012
-\end{center}
-\section*{Characterisation of Nanostructured Thin Films}
-{\bf \emph{Keywords:}} surface plasmons, nanostructures, spectroscopy, metallic-blacks \\
-{\bf \emph{Supervisers:}} W/Prof. James Williams (UWA), Prof. Sergey Samarin (UWA) \\
-
-
-%\tableofcontents
-
-\section*{Acknowledgements}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Sergey Samarin
- \item Jim Williams
- \item Paul Guagliardo
- \item Nikita Kostylev
- \item Workshop (for producing electron gun mount?)
- \item Peter Hammond (?)
-\end{itemize}
-
-\section{Introduction}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Waffle about motivation for the project
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Metal-Black films may have application for ... something.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Radiometer vanes, IR detectors
- \item Number of applications where high absorbance into IR is required
- \item These have all been studied before though.
- \end{itemize}
- \item The electron spectra of metal-blacks have not yet been examined.
- \item Remarkable difference between Metal-Black films (bad vacuum) and normal metal films (UHV)
- \begin{itemize}
- \item No (detailed/satisfactory) explanation (that I can find...) for difference
- \end{itemize}
- \item Talk about plasmonic based computing? Moore's law? Applications to thin film solar cells?
+\addtolength{\headheight}{2.5pt}
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+
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+\begin{document}
- \end{itemize}
- \item Specific aims of project
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item Surface density of states / band structure of Black-Au films using TCS (The main aim)
- \item Identification of plasmonic effects in Black-Au films (?) (If they even exist!)
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Identify plasmonic effects in Au and Ag films with Ellipsometry (this is fairly simple to do)
- \end{itemize}
- \item Combination of Ellipsometry and TCS to characterise thin films (not just Black-Au)
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Ie: How can one technique be used to support the other?
- \end{itemize}
- \end{enumerate}
- \item Structure of thesis
-\end{itemize}
+\include{titlepage/Titlepage} % This is who you are
-\section{Overview of Theory}
-Summarise the literature, refer to past research etc
+\newpage
-\subsection{Electron structure of surface}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Overview of electron spectrum properties
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Density of states $n(E)$
- \item Energy band structure $E(\vect{k})$
- \end{itemize}
- \item Properties of surface region
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Difference between potential of surface and bulk
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Change between the two limits in the ``near-surface'' region
- \end{itemize}
- \item Theoretical models for the potential, 1D vs 3D
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Simplest case is a step potential.
- \item Various improvements on this model, discussed in Komolov's book.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Possibly adapt CQM project to model these potentials, if I get time
- \end{itemize}
- \end{itemize}
- \item Limitations of theoretical models
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Real surface is not a step potential
- \item Adsorption of foreign particles onto the surface also plays a large role in determining the electron spectrum.
- \end{itemize}
- \end{itemize}
- \item Main reference: Komolov "Total Current Spectroscopy"
- \item "Solid State Physics" textbooks and "Electron Spectroscopy" textbooks
-\end{itemize}
+%include{acknowledgments/Acknowledgments} % This is who you thank
-\subsection{Plasmonics}
-I really think I should actually find plasmonic effects before writing too much about them...
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Charge density oscillations
- \item Surface and bulk plasmons
- \item Pines and Bohm
- \item Review article from T.W.H Oates et al about using Ellipsometry to characterise plasmonic effects
-\end{itemize}
+\newpage
-\subsection{Metallic-Black Thin Films}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item How they are made (bad vacuum, in air or a noble gas)
- \begin{itemize}
- \item If made in air, there are usually tungsten oxides present (from filament). Refer to paper by Pfund.
- \end{itemize}
- \item Structural difference between Black-Au and ``Shiny'' (need a better term) Au
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Can include electron microscopy images?
- \item An actual photograph of a Black-Au film? Not necessary?
- \end{itemize}
- \item Pfund (earliest publisher, preparation and general properties)
- \item Louis Harris (most research in 50s and 60s)
- \begin{itemize}
- \item L. Harris mostly did transmission spectroscopy in the far infra red (well beyond the ellipsometer and Ocean Optics spectrometer ranges)
- \item The really crappy measurements I did with the Ocean Optics spectrometer seem to agree with these measurements
- \begin{itemize}
- \item L. Harris' $\lambda$ has a range of 1nm to $100\mu$m; my measurements are only to $1\mu$m
- \item Agreement in first $1\mu$m anyway
- \item I should probably re-do those measurements with a less crappy setup, if I actually want to use them
- \end{itemize}
- \item Harris related the optical properties to the structure of the film (condensor strands) via the electronic properties
- \end{itemize}
- \item Plasmonic effects - Deep R. Panjwani (honours thesis)
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Not sure if I can use an honours thesis as a reference.
- \item Concluded that surface plasmon resonance in Black-Au film on solar cells lead to increase in solar cell efficiency
- \item Used simulation that modelled Black-Au film as spherical balls to show E field increased by plasmon resonance
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Was this model appropriate? Black-Au is more ``smoke'' or ``strand'' like according to other references. Images also do not show ``blob'' like structure.
- \end{itemize}
- \item Need to read this reference more thoroughly
- \end{itemize}
-\end{itemize}
+%\include{abstract/Abstract} % This is your thesis abstract
-\section{Experimental Techniques}
+\pagenumbering{roman}
+\newpage
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+% Do the table of Contents and lists of figures and tables
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+\tableofcontents
+\markboth{}{}
+\newpage
-\subsection{Preparation of samples}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Black-Au - 1e-2 mbar vacuum
- \item ``Shiny'' - 1e-6 / 1e-7
- \item Current of ~3.5A through W wire filament spot welded onto Ta strips in turn spot welded to Mo posts
- \item Voltage through filament is ~1 V; quote the power?
- \item Filament isotropically coats sample with desired material.
- \item Possibly get a curve of Au thickness estimated with Ellipsometry vs exposure time?
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Probably too much work and too unreliable
- \item Maybe do it, but only use 2/3 data points
- \item Low priority
- \end{itemize}
-\end{itemize}
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+%Include the chapters!
-\subsection{Total Current Spectroscopy}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Overview of technique
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Low energy beam of electrons incident on sample
- \item Measure slope of resulting I-V curve
- \item Relate to density of states and electron band structure (Komolov chapter 3.2)
- \end{itemize}
- \item Description of apparatus
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Electron gun and filament
- \item Electron gun control box
- \item ADC/DAC control box and data processing
- \end{itemize}
- \item Photographs vs Diagrams
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Prefer diagrams to photographs
- \item Especially for the ADC/DAC control box circuit. Because it looks like a horrible mess.
- \end{itemize}
-\end{itemize}
+\include{chapters/Introduction}
-\subsection{Ellipsometry and Transmission Spectroscopy}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Overview of techniques
- \item Description of apparatus (use VASE manual)
- \item Ocean Optics spectrometer? Usable?
- \item Application of Ellipsometry to finding plasmonic effects
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Surface plasmons = E oscillation parallel to surface $\implies$ only $p$ component of light excites plasmons
- \end{itemize}
-\end{itemize}
+\include{chapters/Theory} % This is chapter 1
-\section{Experimental Results and Discussion}
-\subsection{TCS Measurements}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item TCS for Si
- \item TCS for Si + Au
- \item TCS for Si + Black-Au
- \item Affect of preparation pressure on TCS for Si + Black-Au
- \item Repeat for Si + Ag and Si + Black-Ag (?)
-\end{itemize}
+\include{chapters/Techniques} % This is chapter 2
-\subsection{Ellipsometric Measurements}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Ellipsometry to estimate thickness of SiO2 layer on Si
- \item Estimate thickness of Au/Ag on Si+SiO2
- \item Ellipsometric measurements of Si+Black-Au/Ag
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Modelling procedures to characterise Black-Au/Ag
- \end{itemize}
- \item Ellipsometric measurements of Glass+Black-Au/Ag (?)
- \item Transmission spectra of Glass+Black-Au/Ag from earlier in year (?)
-\end{itemize}
+\include{chapters/Results} % etc.
-\section{Achievements}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Deposition of thin films of Au and Black-Au in vacuum chamber
- \item Ellipsometric and spectroscopic measurements on these films
- \item Repurpose vacuum chamber for sample preparation and TCS experiments
- \item Designed and built electronics for TCS experiments
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Electron gun control box
- \item ADC/DAC box
- \end{itemize}
- \item Wrote software for data aquisition and data processing
-\end{itemize}
+\include{chapters/Conclusion}
+%\newpage
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+\renewcommand{\bibname}{References}
+\bibliography{references/refs}
+\bibliographystyle{ieeetr}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{References}
+%---------------------------------------------------------
-\section{General notes}
-\subsection{TCS}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Optimise setup of gun
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Emission current. How much does it vary, why does it vary.
- \item Why does Is/Ie curve shift with successive sweeps? Does sweep modify sample's surface?
- \item Is sample holder acceptable? Are ceramic washers accumulating charge?
- \item How do I tell when the setup is optimised...
- ``The setup was optimised by looking for an S curve''. Very scientific.
- \item The gun was focused on the phosphor screen... and then I turned it around, changing the distance from the gun to the sample. Brilliant.
- \end{itemize}
- \item Obtain TCS spectra for Si that compares well with literature
- \begin{itemize}
- \item How to relate TCS spectrum to $n(E)$ and $E(\vect{k})$
- \end{itemize}
- \item Prepare Au films, obtain TCS spectra that compares with literature
- \item Obtain TCS spectra of Black-Au films
- \item Use results to compare properties of films with results from other methods in the literature
- \item Uncertainties
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Oscilloscope measurements of inputs to ADC channels under controlled conditions
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Expected values are +/-3mV due to ADC channel, +/-300mV due to 610B, +/-1mV due to 602
- \item 610B and 602 will probably be worse because they are ancient
- \item There is about 200mV of noise between the GND of the ADC box and the electron control box.
- \item How to reduce ground loops? Not much I can do. Rack is now also grounded to water pipe, but this doesn't seem to make a difference.
- \end{itemize}
- \item Stupid 50Hz AC noise... how to reduce with filters and/or averaging
- \end{itemize}
- \item Create circuit diagrams for Electron gun circuit
- \item Create circuit diagrams for ADC/DAC box
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Simulate behaviour of circuit
- \item Use of instrumentation amplifier on ADC5 to make off-ground measurements
- \item Use of low pass filter on ADC5
- \end{itemize}
- \item Include references to all datasheets, etc
- \item Vacuum chamber
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Base pressure with rotary pump? Was 1e-3 after 30 minutes at start of year, but probably introduced leaks since then
- \item Lowest pressure achieved with turbo pump is 1.1e-7 mbar as of 25/07.
- \item Viton gaskets on some seals. Copper on other.
- \item Flanges:
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item View window (large, view of sample \& sputtering filaments)
- \item Rotation manipulator \& sample mount
- \item Pump inlet
- \item Filament flanges 1 (used earlier in year, not anymore) and 2
- \item Inlet with leak valve (for introducing gases into chamber)
- \item Vent valve on turbo pump
- \item Electron gun flange
- \item View window (small, view of back of electron gun)
- \end{enumerate}
- \end{itemize}
-\end{itemize}
+% Appendices
+\appendix
+\include{appendices/tcs_noise}
+\include{appendices/electron_optics}
+\include{appendices/electron_gun_circuit}
+%\include{appendices/data_aquisition}
-\pagebreak
-\bibliographystyle{unsrt}
-\bibliography{thesis}
+%---------------------------------------------------------
\end{document}
git.ucc.asn.au / matches / honours.git / blobdiff
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