\subsection{The Portable Document Format}
+``A PDF file should be thought of as a flattened representation of a data structure
+consisting of a collection of objects that can refer to each other in any arbitrary
+way.''
+
+The PDF 1.7 standard describes a format which is \rephrase{essentially PostScript plus everything in the kitchen sink}.
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item PDF is not just crippled postscript
+ \item Objects - has a type system, like a programming language, not like the DOM where all objects are fundamentally the same - this is similar to PostScript
+ \item File structure - Header, body, reference table (location of objects in file), trailer (location of reference table and special objects)
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Read the file from the end
+ \item File can be updated incrementally as long as the trailer is at the end
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item Document structure - This is basically a graph, wheras the DOM is a tree
+ \item Content streams - objects but conceptually different - operators or instructions
+ \item Interactivity --- At this point, PDF suddenly changes from being PostScript to being XML
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+
+The biggest difference between the PDF design philosophy and the HTML5 philosophy is the emphasis in PDF on the actual file format.
+This means PDF is more complicated but also more efficient (at least, we would hope so).
+
\subsection{Scientific Computation Packages}