--- /dev/null
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+""" This runs netstat on a local or remote server. It calculates some simple
+statistical information on the number of external inet connections. It groups
+by IP address. This can be used to detect if one IP address is taking up an
+excessive number of connections. It can also send an email alert if a given IP
+address exceeds a threshold between runs of the script. This script can be used
+as a drop-in Munin plugin or it can be used stand-alone from cron. I used this
+on a busy web server that would sometimes get hit with denial of service
+attacks. This made it easy to see if a script was opening many multiple
+connections. A typical browser would open fewer than 10 connections at once. A
+script might open over 100 simultaneous connections.
+
+./topip.py [-s server_hostname] [-u username] [-p password] {-a from_addr,to_addr} {-n N} {-v} {--ipv6}
+
+ -s : hostname of the remote server to login to.
+ -u : username to user for login.
+ -p : password to user for login.
+ -n : print stddev for the the number of the top 'N' ipaddresses.
+ -v : verbose - print stats and list of top ipaddresses.
+ -a : send alert if stddev goes over 20.
+ -l : to log message to /var/log/topip.log
+ --ipv6 : this parses netstat output that includes ipv6 format.
+ Note that this actually only works with ipv4 addresses, but for versions of
+ netstat that print in ipv6 format.
+ --stdev=N : Where N is an integer. This sets the trigger point for alerts and logs.
+ Default is to trigger if max value is above 5 standard deviations.
+
+Example:
+
+ This will print stats for the top IP addresses connected to the given host:
+
+ ./topip.py -s www.example.com -u mylogin -p mypassword -n 10 -v
+
+ This will send an alert email if the maxip goes over the stddev trigger value and
+ the the current top ip is the same as the last top ip (/tmp/topip.last):
+
+
+ This will print the connection stats for the localhost in Munin format:
+
+ ./topip.py
+
+Noah Spurrier
+
+$Id: topip.py 489 2007-11-28 23:40:34Z noah $
+"""
+
+import pexpect, pxssh # See http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/
+import os, sys, time, re, getopt, pickle, getpass, smtplib
+import traceback
+from pprint import pprint
+
+TOPIP_LOG_FILE = '/var/log/topip.log'
+TOPIP_LAST_RUN_STATS = '/var/run/topip.last'
+
+def exit_with_usage():
+
+ print globals()['__doc__']
+ os._exit(1)
+
+def stats(r):
+
+ """This returns a dict of the median, average, standard deviation, min and max of the given sequence.
+
+ >>> from topip import stats
+ >>> print stats([5,6,8,9])
+ {'med': 8, 'max': 9, 'avg': 7.0, 'stddev': 1.5811388300841898, 'min': 5}
+ >>> print stats([1000,1006,1008,1014])
+ {'med': 1008, 'max': 1014, 'avg': 1007.0, 'stddev': 5.0, 'min': 1000}
+ >>> print stats([1,3,4,5,18,16,4,3,3,5,13])
+ {'med': 4, 'max': 18, 'avg': 6.8181818181818183, 'stddev': 5.6216817577237475, 'min': 1}
+ >>> print stats([1,3,4,5,18,16,4,3,3,5,13,14,5,6,7,8,7,6,6,7,5,6,4,14,7])
+ {'med': 6, 'max': 18, 'avg': 7.0800000000000001, 'stddev': 4.3259218670706474, 'min': 1}
+ """
+
+ total = sum(r)
+ avg = float(total)/float(len(r))
+ sdsq = sum([(i-avg)**2 for i in r])
+ s = list(r)
+ s.sort()
+ return dict(zip(['med', 'avg', 'stddev', 'min', 'max'] , (s[len(s)//2], avg, (sdsq/len(r))**.5, min(r), max(r))))
+
+def send_alert (message, subject, addr_from, addr_to, smtp_server='localhost'):
+
+ """This sends an email alert.
+ """
+
+ message = 'From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\n\r\n' % (addr_from, addr_to, subject) + message
+ server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server)
+ server.sendmail(addr_from, addr_to, message)
+ server.quit()
+
+def main():
+
+ ######################################################################
+ ## Parse the options, arguments, etc.
+ ######################################################################
+ try:
+ optlist, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'h?valqs:u:p:n:', ['help','h','?','ipv6','stddev='])
+ except Exception, e:
+ print str(e)
+ exit_with_usage()
+ options = dict(optlist)
+
+ munin_flag = False
+ if len(args) > 0:
+ if args[0] == 'config':
+ print 'graph_title Netstat Connections per IP'
+ print 'graph_vlabel Socket connections per IP'
+ print 'connections_max.label max'
+ print 'connections_max.info Maximum number of connections per IP'
+ print 'connections_avg.label avg'
+ print 'connections_avg.info Average number of connections per IP'
+ print 'connections_stddev.label stddev'
+ print 'connections_stddev.info Standard deviation'
+ return 0
+ elif args[0] != '':
+ print args, len(args)
+ return 0
+ exit_with_usage()
+ if [elem for elem in options if elem in ['-h','--h','-?','--?','--help']]:
+ print 'Help:'
+ exit_with_usage()
+ if '-s' in options:
+ hostname = options['-s']
+ else:
+ # if host was not specified then assume localhost munin plugin.
+ munin_flag = True
+ hostname = 'localhost'
+ # If localhost then don't ask for username/password.
+ if hostname != 'localhost' and hostname != '127.0.0.1':
+ if '-u' in options:
+ username = options['-u']
+ else:
+ username = raw_input('username: ')
+ if '-p' in options:
+ password = options['-p']
+ else:
+ password = getpass.getpass('password: ')
+ else:
+ use_localhost = True
+
+ if '-l' in options:
+ log_flag = True
+ else:
+ log_flag = False
+ if '-n' in options:
+ average_n = int(options['-n'])
+ else:
+ average_n = None
+ if '-v' in options:
+ verbose = True
+ else:
+ verbose = False
+ if '-a' in options:
+ alert_flag = True
+ (alert_addr_from, alert_addr_to) = tuple(options['-a'].split(','))
+ else:
+ alert_flag = False
+ if '--ipv6' in options:
+ ipv6_flag = True
+ else:
+ ipv6_flag = False
+ if '--stddev' in options:
+ stddev_trigger = float(options['--stddev'])
+ else:
+ stddev_trigger = 5
+
+ if ipv6_flag:
+ netstat_pattern = '(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+::ffff:(\S+):(\S+)\s+.*?\r'
+ else:
+ netstat_pattern = '(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(?:::ffff:)*(\S+):(\S+)\s+.*?\r'
+ #netstat_pattern = '(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+):(\S+)\s+.*?\r'
+
+ # run netstat (either locally or via SSH).
+ if use_localhost:
+ p = pexpect.spawn('netstat -n -t')
+ PROMPT = pexpect.TIMEOUT
+ else:
+ p = pxssh.pxssh()
+ p.login(hostname, username, password)
+ p.sendline('netstat -n -t')
+ PROMPT = p.PROMPT
+
+ # loop through each matching netstat_pattern and put the ip address in the list.
+ ip_list = {}
+ try:
+ while 1:
+ i = p.expect([PROMPT, netstat_pattern])
+ if i == 0:
+ break
+ k = p.match.groups()[4]
+ if k in ip_list:
+ ip_list[k] = ip_list[k] + 1
+ else:
+ ip_list[k] = 1
+ except:
+ pass
+
+ # remove a few common, uninteresting addresses from the dictionary.
+ ip_list = dict([ (key,value) for key,value in ip_list.items() if '192.168.' not in key])
+ ip_list = dict([ (key,value) for key,value in ip_list.items() if '127.0.0.1' not in key])
+
+ # sort dict by value (count)
+ #ip_list = sorted(ip_list.iteritems(),lambda x,y:cmp(x[1], y[1]),reverse=True)
+ ip_list = ip_list.items()
+ if len(ip_list) < 1:
+ if verbose: print 'Warning: no networks connections worth looking at.'
+ return 0
+ ip_list.sort(lambda x,y:cmp(y[1],x[1]))
+
+ # generate some stats for the ip addresses found.
+ if average_n <= 1:
+ average_n = None
+ s = stats(zip(*ip_list[0:average_n])[1]) # The * unary operator treats the list elements as arguments
+ s['maxip'] = ip_list[0]
+
+ # print munin-style or verbose results for the stats.
+ if munin_flag:
+ print 'connections_max.value', s['max']
+ print 'connections_avg.value', s['avg']
+ print 'connections_stddev.value', s['stddev']
+ return 0
+ if verbose:
+ pprint (s)
+ print
+ pprint (ip_list[0:average_n])
+
+ # load the stats from the last run.
+ try:
+ last_stats = pickle.load(file(TOPIP_LAST_RUN_STATS))
+ except:
+ last_stats = {'maxip':None}
+
+ if s['maxip'][1] > (s['stddev'] * stddev_trigger) and s['maxip']==last_stats['maxip']:
+ if verbose: print 'The maxip has been above trigger for two consecutive samples.'
+ if alert_flag:
+ if verbose: print 'SENDING ALERT EMAIL'
+ send_alert(str(s), 'ALERT on %s' % hostname, alert_addr_from, alert_addr_to)
+ if log_flag:
+ if verbose: print 'LOGGING THIS EVENT'
+ fout = file(TOPIP_LOG_FILE,'a')
+ #dts = time.strftime('%Y:%m:%d:%H:%M:%S', time.localtime())
+ dts = time.asctime()
+ fout.write ('%s - %d connections from %s\n' % (dts,s['maxip'][1],str(s['maxip'][0])))
+ fout.close()
+
+ # save state to TOPIP_LAST_RUN_STATS
+ try:
+ pickle.dump(s, file(TOPIP_LAST_RUN_STATS,'w'))
+ os.chmod (TOPIP_LAST_RUN_STATS, 0664)
+ except:
+ pass
+ # p.logout()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ try:
+ main()
+ sys.exit(0)
+ except SystemExit, e:
+ raise e
+ except Exception, e:
+ print str(e)
+ traceback.print_exc()
+ os._exit(1)
+
git.ucc.asn.au / progcomp10.git / blobdiff
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